- Rashmi Singh
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Kamal Kishor
- M. S. Shekhawat
- G. C. Rana
- Abhilasha
- Sumit Gupta
- Anukampa Thakur
- Priti Bala
- Radhe Shyam
- Jyoti Ahuja
- Urvashi Gupta
- Abhishek Sharma
- Sudrshna Sharma
- Kavita
- Ashwini Kumar
- Renu Kumari
- Sumna Devi
- Anukampa
- Monika Sharma
- K. Sreedevi
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Manu Singh
- Pracheta Janmeda
- Rekha Gupta
- Kanchan Sharma
- Preeti Sharma
- Richa Shukla
- Current Science
- The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society
- Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)
- Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
- International Journal of Technology
- Research Journal of Science and Technology
- International Journal of Literary Studies
- Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sharma, Veena
- Haematological and Immunological Response of Achyranthes aspera Leaf and Root Extracts in Arsenic-Intoxicated Female Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali 304 022, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 708-713Abstract
To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of Achyranthes aspera against arsenic toxicity, mice were given aqueous ischolar_main and leaf extracts at both low and high doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body wt) after being intoxicated with sodium arsenate (0.1 mg/kg body wt). Significant alterations (P < 0.05, 0.001) were seen in various haematological parameters, Ig level, macrophage yield, viability, phagocytic index and progesterone level. Results clearly depict that both A. aspera extracts significantly restore the unbalanced level up to the normal. This study shows the protective efficacy of A. aspera on altered haematological and immunological system. It is possible that future work on drug formulation may use this plant as a source.Keywords
Achyranthes aspera, Arsenic Toxicity, Haematological Alterations, Mice Immune System.References
- ACGIH, 1995-1996 Threshold Limit Values (TLVsTM) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIsTM), second printing, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 1995, pp. 139.
- Harvey, S. C., Heavy metals. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (eds Goodman, L. S. and Gilman, A.), CollierMacmillan, Toronto, 1970, pp. 958-965.
- Schoolmeester, W. L. and White, D. R., Arsenic poisoning. South Med. J., 1980, 73, 198-208.
- Arena, J. M. and Drew, R. H., Poisoning: Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 1986, 5th edn, pp. 11-28.
- Donofrio, P. D., Wilbourn, A. J., Alberts J. W., Rogers, L., Salanga, V. and Greenberg, H. S., Acute arsenic intoxication presenting as Guillain-Barre-like syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 1987, 10, 114-120.
- Fincher, R. M. and Koerker, R. M., Long term survival in acute arsenic encephalopathy: follow up using newer measures of electrophysiologic parameters. Am. J. Med., 1987, 82, 549-552.
- Jolliffe, D, M., Budd, A. J. and Gwilt, D. J., Massive acute arsenic poisoning. Anasthesia, 1991, 46, 288-290.
- Winship, K. A., Toxicity of inorganic salts. Adverse Drug React. Acute Poison. Rev., 1984, 3, 129-160.
- Girach, R. D. and Khan, A. S. A., Ethanomedicinal uses of Achyranthes aspera leaves in Orissa (India). Int. J. Pharmacogn., 1992, 30, 113-115.
- Ratra, P. S. and Misra, K. C., Seasonal variation in chemical composition of Achyranthes aspera and A. bidentata. Indian For., 1970, 96, 372-375.
- Vetrichelvan, T. and Jagadeesan, M., Effect of alcoholic extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on acute and sub acute inflammation. Phytother. Res., 2003, 17, 77-79.
- Workieneh, S., Eyasu, M., Legesse, Z. and Asfaw, D., Effect of Achyranthes aspera L. on fetal abortion, uterine and pituitary weights, serum lipids and hormones. Afr. J. Health Sci., 2006, 6, 112.
- Tahiliani, P. and Kar, A., Achyranthes aspera elevates thyroid hormone level and decreases hepatic lipid peroxidation in male rats. J. Ethanopharmacol., 2000, 71, 527-532.
- Kartik, R., Rao, Ch. V., Trivedi, S. P., Pushpangadan, P. and Reddy, G. D., Amelioration effects against N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl4 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Swiss albino rats by whole plant extracts of Achyranthes aspera. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2010, 42, 370-375.
- Boyum, A. J., Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes. Clin. Lab. Invest., 1968, 21, 77-80.
- Saraf, M. N. and Bhide, M. B., Studies on immunomodulating potentials of some indigenous plants. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1983, 45, 1-43.
- Wagner, H. and Proksh, A., Immunostimulatory drugs of fungi and higher plants. Econ. Med. Plant Res., 1985, 1, 113.
- Atal, C. K., Sharma, M. L. and Khajuriya, A., Immunomodulating agents of plant origin. I: Preliminary screening. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1986, 21, 41185-41192.
- Lerman, B. B., Ali, N. and Green, D., Megaloblastic dyserythropoietic anemia following arsenic ingestion. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 1980, 10, 515-517.
- Biswas, D. et al., Mechanism of erythrocyte death in human population exposed to arsenic through drinking water. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2008, 230, 57-66.
- Kannan, G. M., Tripathi, N., Dube, S. N., Gupta, M. and Flora, S. J., Toxic effects of arsenic(III) on some hematopoietic and central nervous system variables in rats and guinea pigs. J. Toxicol.Clin. Toxicol., 2001, 39, 675-682.
- Mugahi, M. N., Heidari, Z., Sagheb, H. M. and Barbarestani, M., Effects of chronic lead acetate intoxication on blood indices of male adult rat. DARU J. Pharm. Sci., 2003, 11, 147-151.
- Wepener, V., VanVuren, J. H. J. and DuPreez, H. H., Effect of manganese and iron at a neutral and acidic pH on the hematology of the banded tilapia, Tilapia sparrmanii. Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 1992, 49, 613-619.
- Thrombocytosis; www.patient.info.com (accessed on 27 September 2015).
- Kanjiwani, D. G., Marathe, T. P., Chiplunkar, S. V. and Sathaye, S. S., Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Piper betel. Scand. J. Immunol., 2008, 67, 589-593.
- Galindo, V. J. and Hosokawa, H., Immunostimulants: towards temporary prevention of diseases in marine fishes. In Advances en Nutricion Acuicola VII, Memorias del VII Simposium Internacional de Nutricion Acuicola (eds Cruz Suarez, L. E. et al.), Hermosillo, Sonara, Mexico, Noriembre, 2004, pp. 16-19.
- Ardo, L., Yin, G., Xu, P., Varadi, L., Szigeti, G., Jeney, Z. and Jeney, G., Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 2008, 275, 26-33.
- Makare, N., Bodhankar, S. and Rangari, V., Immunomodulatory activity of alcoholic extract of Mangifera indica L. in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2001, 78, 133-137.
- Doshi, J. J., Patel, V. K. and Bhatt, V. H., Effect of Adhatoda vasica massage in pyorrhoea. Int. J. Crude Drug. Res., 1983, 21, 173-176.
- Patel, V. K., In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica Linn. (leaf extract) on gingival inflammation - a preliminary report. Indian J. Med. Sci., 1984, 38, 70-72.
- Bhargava, M. K., Singh, H. and Amresh, K., Evaluation of Adhatoda vasica as a wound healing agent in buffaloes - clinical, mechanical and biochemical studies. Indian Vat. J., 1988, 65, 33-38.
- Zama, M. M. S., Comparative studies on Adhatoda vasica and pancreatic tissue extract on wound healing in buffaloes. Indian Vet. J., 1991, 68, 864-866.
- Chakraboty, A. and Brantner, A. H., Study of alkaloids from Adhatoda vasica Nees. on their anti-inflamatory activity. Phytother. Res., 2001, 15, 53-534.
- Bhosale, U. A., Yegnanarayan, R., Pophale, P. and Somani, R., Effect of aqueous extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on experimental animal model for inflammation. Anc. Sci. Life, 2012, 31, 202-206.
- Gokhale, A. B., Damre, A. S., Kulkarni, K. R. and Saraf, M. N., Preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of S. lappa, A. speciosa and A. aspera. Phytomedicine, 2002, 9, 433-437.
- Amrutia, J. N., Patel, J., Semuel, M. R. and Shabaraya, A. R., Antiinflammatory activity of fractionated extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn. leaves. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 1, 188-190.
- Hegde, P., Maddur, M. S. Friboulet, A., Bayry, J. and Kaveri, S. V., Viscum album exerts anti-inflammatory effect by selectively inhibiting cytokine induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6, e26312.
- Gokhale, A. B., Damre, A. S. and Saraf, M. N., Investigations into the immunomodulatory activity of Argyreia speciosa. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003, 84, 109-114.
- Sharma, V. and Chaudhary, U., An overview on indigenous knowledge of Achyranthes aspera. J. Crit. Rev., 2015, 2, 7-19.
- Magnetogravitational Instability of a Thermally Conducting Rotating Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid with Hall Current
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, Government Postgraduate College, Mandi, 175 001, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Government (Boys) Senior Secondary School, Sunder Nagar, Distt. Mandi-174 401, IN
Source
The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 77, No 1-4 (2010), Pagination: 77-88Abstract
Magnetogravitational instability of a thermally conducting, rotating Rivlin-Ericksen fluid with finite conductivity in the presence of Hall-current with a uniform vertical magnetic field has been investigated. A general dispersion relation has been derived through relevant linearized perturbation equations. The effects of Hall currents and rotation on the condition of instability of system is examined for both longitudinal and transverse modes of propagation and it is found that for longitudinal propagation; viscoelasticity has damping effect on the system and Jeans' criterion remains unaffected.The effects of rotation and magnetic field are not observed in the modified Jeans' condition of instability,whereas in the presence of thermal conductivity, the system is necessarily stable if Jeans' condition is not satisfied. The stability of the system is discussed using Routh-Hurwitz criterion. For transverse mode of propagation;the magnetic field and rotation stabilize the system. Jeans'criterion is also discussed for instability and stability of the system.Keywords
Magnetogravitational Instability, Thermally Conducting, Rotating Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid, Hall- Current, Dispersion Relation.- Mineralogical Characteristics and Mineral Economics of Kaolinite Deposit of Sawa Area, Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan
Authors
1 Department of Geology, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur - 313 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 27-34Abstract
A large deposit of low-grade kaolinite is occurring within the rocks of Lower Vindhyan Supergroup southwest of Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan. The deposit is being utilised by open-cast, manual to semi-mechanised methods of mining. Kaolinite produced is being marketed without processing. Earlier, nearly 60% of the kaolinite produced from the area was consumed by cement industries, but in recent past, utilisation of low-grade kaolinite has been minimised by cement industries in production of ordinary cement and hence its production has significantly declined. Mineralogical studies reveal that kaolinite is the main clay-mineral and quartz, calcite, iron-oxides and biotite are present as non-clay minerals in clay deposit of the area. Chemical analysis of the kaolinite show that alumina ranges from 15 to 35% while, silica and iron varies from 51 to 78% and 0.25 to 2.50% respectively.Keywords
Kaolinite, China Clay, Mineralogy, Mineral Economics, Vindhyan Supergroup, Rajasthan.References
- AMBASH, C.P. (2005) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. pp. (Ch. 49)1-23.
- AMBASH, C.P. (2006) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. pp. (Ch. 49) 1-24.
- BOSE, A.N. (1996) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. v.2, Part-I, pp.432-437, Part-II, pp.5, 39.
- CHOUDHURI, S.K. (1990) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. v.2, 620p.
- CHOUDHURI, S.K. (1992) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. v.2, Part-I, pp.479-484, Part-II, pp.1-3, 59-60.
- CHOUDHURI, S.K. (1994) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. v.2, Part-II, pp.5, 56
- COULSON, A.L. (1927) Geology of Bundi State. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.60(2).
- CULLITY, B.D. (1978) Elements of X-ray diffraction. Addison Wesley Publishing Co. Inc., 2nd Edition, 555p.
- DAS, S.S. (2004) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. p.629. DEER, W.A., HOWIE, R.A. and ZUSSMAN, J. (1971) Rock Forming Minerals. Longman Group Limited, London, v.3, pp.194-212.
- GOOGLE EARTH, (August 2008) KLM file, Rajasthan, India. GRIM, R.E. (1953) Clay Mineralogy. Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., London, 384p.
- GUPTA, S.N., ARORA, Y. K., MATHUR, R.K., IQBALUDDIN, PRASAD, B., SAHU, T.N. and SHARAM, S.B. (1997) The Precambrian Geology of the Aravalli Region Southern Rajasthan and Northeastern Gujarat. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.123, 262p.
- HERON, A.M. (1936) The Geology of South-Eastern Mewar. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.68(1).
- HERON, A.M. (1953) The Geology of Central Rajasthan. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.79(1), 386p.
- JAIN, A.K. (1998) Exploration, mining and prospecting/upgrading issues of kaolin (china clay) in India. Proc. Conf. on "Indian Industrial Minerals" held at Udaipur, India, v.1, pp.214-217.
- MACKENZIE, R.C. (1972) Differential thermal analysis. Academica Press, London, pp.4, 8, 168.
- PRASAD, B. (1984) Geology, Sedimentation and Palaeogeography of the Vindhyan Supergroup, South-Eastern Rajasthan. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.116(1), 107p.
- RAJA RAO, C.S. and MAHAJAN, V.D. (1965) Notes on stromatolites and probable correlation of the Bhagwanpura limestone, Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan. Curr. Sci., v.34(3), pp.82-83.
- SACHDEVA, O.P. (1995) Indian Minerals Year Book, IBM, Nagpur. v.2, Part-I, pp.435-440, Part-II, pp.5, 56-57.
- SRIVASTAVA, H.B. and GYAN CHAND (1984) Geological and Sedimentological studies of the rocks south of Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.114(2), pp.69-75.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay. October 2008.
- Stability of Stratified Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid in the Presence of Horizontal Magnetic Field and Uniform Horizontal Rotation in Porous Medium
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, Govt. College, Joginder Nagar, Distt. Mandi, (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Senior Secondary School, Sunder Nagar, IN
4 Department of Mathematics, Govt. College, Naduan, Distt. Hamirpur (H.P.), IN
Source
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 63-71Abstract
The influence of viscosity, viscoelasticity and medium permeability on the stability of stratified Rivlin-Ericksen viscoelastic fluid is examined for viscoelastic polymeric solutions in the simultaneous presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field ⃗H (H, 0, 0) and uniform horizontal rotation Ω(Ω, 0, 0). These solutions are known as Rivlin-Ericksen fluids and their rheology is approximated by the Rivlin-Ericksen constitutive relations, proposed by Rivlin and Ericksen [13]. The effects of Coriolis forces on the stability is chosen along the direction of the magnetic field and transverse to that of the gravitational field g (o,o,-g). The system is found to be stable for all wave numbers for stable stratifications and unstable for unstable stratifications for the stratifications in density, viscosity, viscoelasticity, medium permeability and medium porosity. The system can be completely stabilized by large enough magnetic field, which was unstable in the absence of magnetic field; provided the initial configuration is top-heavy density wise. The kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity have damping effects on the growth rates with the increase in kinematic viscosity and kinematic viscoelasticity, respectively, for a fixed wave number. The medium permeability has enhancing effects on the growth rates with its increase for a fixed wave number. The above results have also been shown graphically.Keywords
Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid, Magnetic Field, Rotation, Viscosity, Viscoelasticity, Porous Medium, AMS Classification Number:76A10.- Analytical/Numerical Investigations of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Superposed Non-Viscous Fluids in the Presence of Magnetic Field
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics $ Statistics, H.P.University, Shimla-5, IN
2 Govt. Degree College, Amb, Una (H.P.), IN
3 APG University, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 164-168Abstract
The instability of two immiscible superposed, non-viscous, electrically conducting and counter-streaming fluids with upper fluid layer lighter than the lower fluid layer in the presence of uniform magnetic field has been investigated numerically. Using the linear theory and normal mode analysis, the exact solutions of eigen value problem have been obtained for stress free bounding surfaces and the dispersion relation so obtained has been analysed to examine the effects of magnetic field and velocity of streaming fluids on the growth rates of the unstable mode of perturbation on the physical system. It has been found that the magnetic field has a slight stabilizing effect on the system; whereas the velocity of the counter-streaming fluids has a large enough stabilizing effect towards neutral stability.- Stability of Stratified Viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen Fluid/Plasma in the Presence of Variable Horizontal Magnetic Field
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics & Statistics, H.P. University, Shimla-171 005, IN
Source
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 6, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 200-206Abstract
A study has been made of the instability of an electrically conducting stratified viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen fluid/plasma arranged in a horizontal strata to include a variable horizontal magnetic field. Applying the linear stability theory and normal mode technique to a set of partial differential equations, the solutions of an eigen value problem have been obtained by assuming exponential vertical stratifications in density, neutral gas density, viscosity, viscoelasticity and magnetic field. Using these solutions, the dispersion relation so obtained has been analysed numerically. It has been found that viscosity, viscoelasticity , collisional frequency and magnetic field have stabilizing effects on the growth rates for unstable configuration under certain wave-number band.- The Onset of Thermal Instability in a Triply Diffusive Three Dimensional Fluid Layer in Porous Medium
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, H.P. University, Shimla-5, IN
Source
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 152-160Abstract
An investigation is made on the onset of thermal instability in a triply diffusive three dimensional fluid layer in porous medium , since there are important fluid mechanical systems in which the density depends on three or more stratifying agencies having different diffusivities, in which the onset of convective instability in isothermal ternary and non-isothermal ternary fluids is termed as triple diffusion. Special attention is given to systems with k1 >>k2 , k3 and p1 >>K2/K3 where Ki is the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and Pis the molecular diffusivity of the ith component and p1 is the thermal Prandtl number. The perturbation equations are analyzed in terms of normal modes after linearizing the relevant set of hydrodynamic equations to derive a characteristic equation. For the stationary convection, the stable solute gradients are found to have stabilizing effects on the system, due to which the onset of instability is postponed and the medium permeability parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system..The presence of stable solute gradients and medium permeability parameter also introduce oscillatory modes which were nonexistent in their absence. The case of overstability (with increasing amplitude of perturbations) is also considered and the sufficient conditions for the non existence of stable solutions are derivedr. These analytical results are confirmed numerically and the effects of various parameters on the stability analysis for both the cases of stationary convection and overstability are depicted graphically using the software Mathematica version 2007.Keywords
Thermal Instability, P1, Thermal Prandtl Number, Solute Rayleigh Numbers, Medium Permeability.- Thermal Instability of a Viscoelastic Walters'(Model B') Fluid in Hydromagnetics in the Presence of Suspended Particles
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, Government College, Joginder Nagar, Distt. Mandi (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mathematics, H. P. University, Summer Hill, Shimla, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 191-198Abstract
The effect of suspended particles on thermal instability of a viscoelastic Walters' (model B') fluid in the presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field is considered. The sufficient conditions for non-existence of overstability are found in the presence of horizontal magnetic field. The effect of suspended particles is to postpone the onset of convection. For stationary convection, Walters' (model B') viscoelastic fluid behaves like a Newtonian viscous fluid.Keywords
Walters' (Model B') Fluid, Magnetic Field, Suspended Particles, Viscoelasticity.- MHD Stability of a Nanofluid Layer Using Darcy Model:Introduction of Oscillatory Motions for Bottom Heavy Configuration
Authors
1 Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, IN
2 Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, IN
3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171005, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 233-238Abstract
The impact of vertical magnetic field on the thermal instability of a horizontal porous nanofluid layer using Darcy model is considered for free-free boundaries. Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces are introduced due to the presence of nanoparticles and Lorentz's force term is added in the momentum equation along with the Maxwell's equations due to magnetic field. Normal mode technique and single term Galerkin approximation is employed to investigate the instability and derive the eigen value problem. It is found that the mode of instability is through oscillatory motions for bottom heavy suspension of nanoparticles. The reason for the existence of oscillatory motions is due to the occurrence of two opposite buoyancy forces i.e. density variation due to heating and density gradient of nanoparticles at the bottom of the layer. The thermal Rayleigh number increases with the increase of Chandrasekhar number and decreases with the increase of porosity. The effect of Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, concentration Rayleigh number and heat capacity ratio on the onset of thermal convection has been investigated analytically and presented graphically.- Effect of Hall Currents on the Stability of Ferromagnetic Fluid Heated from below in the Presence of a Magnetic Field Saturating Porous Media
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 239-247Abstract
In this study, the effect of Hall currents on the onset of stability of saturating porous media an electrically conducting ferromagnetic fluid heated from below using linear stability analysis is investigated. Using the Darcy law to modify the ferromagnetic fluid the momentum equations for a porous medium. The employed model incorporates the effects of polarization force and body couple. The coupled partial differential equations governing the physical problem are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using normal mode technique. These equations are solved analytically for stress-free boundaries and numerical results are computed by obtaining approximate solutions using Galerkin method using the software Mathematica for the case of stationary convection. It is found that the magnetic field and magnetization have a stabilizing effect as such their effect is to postpone the onset of thermal instability; whereas Hall currents are found to hasten the same. The medium permeability prepones the onset of convection under certain conditions implying thereby the destabilizing effect.- Magneto-Thermosolutal Instability in Viscoelastic Nanofluid Layer
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 SDWG Govt. College, Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P.), IN
3 Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engneering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 258-264Abstract
Thermosolutal convection in an infinitely, extending layer of viscoelastic nanofluids in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field with Soret and Dufour effect is investigated. The rheology of nanofluids is described by Maxwell's model. The coupled partial differential equations with the stress free boundaries are solved using the normal mode technique and linear theory. The first approximation of Galerkin procedure is used to obtain the numerical solution of the set of ordinary differential equation by using the software MATHEMATICA. The effects of the various parameters are shown graphically on both the stationary and oscillatory motions.- Effect of Surface Tension on the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability of Superposed Viscous Fluids in Hydromagnetics Saturating Porous Medium
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla -171 005, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Government Collage, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur, IN
3 Bahra University Waknaghat Solan, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
This paper deals with the instability of viscous superposed, fluids saturating porous medium in the presence of horizontal magnetic field and to include the effect of surface tension. Using linear theory and normal mode technique the dispersion relation so obtained is analyzed mathematically for the stable configuration. The effects of medium porosity, surface tension and magnetic field, on the growth rate (imaginary) of the most unstable mode have been investigated numerically. The square of the Alfven velocity accounting for magnetic field and surface tension have stabilizing effect on the system and medium porosity has destabilizing effect on the system. All these numerical results have been depicted graphically. The results show that the magnetic field and surface tension bring about more stability for a certain wave number band on the growth rate of unstable configuration.
Keywords
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Horizontal Magnetic Field, Surface Tension, Porous Medium.- Thermal Convection of Micropolar Fluid in the Presence of Suspended Particles and Rotation Saturating a Porous Medium
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Degree College Diggal Distt. Solan-173 218, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 62-70Abstract
A study has been made of the convection of micropolar fluids heated from below in the presence of suspended particles (fine dust) and uniform vertical rotation Ω(0, 0, Ω) in a porous medium. The effect of Coriolis forces on the stability is chosen along the direction of the gravitational field. It is found that the presence of coupling between thermal and micropolar effects, rotation parameter, medium permeability and suspended particles may introduce overstability in the system. Using the Boussinesq approximation, the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the exact solutions are obtained for the case of two free boundaries. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters accounting for rotation Ω(0, 0, Ω) medium permeability, dynamic microrotation viscosity K and coefficient of angular viscosity γ' to depict the stability characteristics, for both the cases of stationary convection and overstability. It is found that Rayleigh number for the case of overstability and stationary convection increases with increase in rotation parametre and decreases with increase in micropolar coefficients and medium permeability, for a fixed wave number, showing thereby the stabilizing effect of rotation parametre , destabilizing effect of micropolar coefficients and medium permeability on the thermal convection of micropolar fluids.Keywords
Micropolar Fluid, Rotation, Suspended Particles (Fine Dust), Medium Permeability, Microrotation, Coefficient of Angular Viscosity.- Hall Effect on Magneto-Thermal Stability of Rivlin-Ericksen Ferromagnetic Fluid Saturating a Porous Medium
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Govt. Degree College Diggal, Distt. Solan (H.P), IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 160-166Abstract
This paper deals with the electrically conducting and numerical investigation of the effect of Hall currents on the thermal stability of a ferromagnetic viscoelastic fluid heated from below saturating porous medium. The rheology of the fluid in described by the Rivlin-Ericksenian. The boundaries are considered to be stress-free. The eigen-value problem obtained using linear stability theory and normal mode technique is solved numerically using the Galerkin technique and the software MATHEMATICA by assuming the trial functions satisfying the boundary conditions. A dispersion relation governing the effects of medium permeability, a uniform horizontal magnetic field, magnetization and Hall currents is derived. For the case of stationary convection, it is found that the magnetic field and magnetization have a stabilizing effect on the system, as such their effect is to postpone the onset of thermal instability, whereas the Hall currents are found to hasten the onset of convection under certain conditions.- Numerical Investigations of Electro-Thermal Convection in Dielectric Nanofluid Layer
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 SDWG Govt. College Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P), IN
3 Govt. College Beetan, Distt. Una (H.P), IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 184-188Abstract
The numerical investigations of a dielectric nanofluid under the simultaneous action of an Alternating Current electric field and a uniform adverse temperature gradient has been studied using the linear theory and normal mode analysis. The eigen-value problem is solved analytically and numerically using the Galerkin technique. Effect of various non-dimensional parameters on thermal Rayleigh number Ra for the stationary convection has been determined. The boundaries are considered to be stress-free. Thermal Rayleigh number has been computed for various values of electric Rayleigh number for the onset of instability using the software-MATHEMATICA Version 5.2. Numerical results are presented graphically. The thermal Rayleigh number decreases linearly as the concentration Rayleigh number Rn increases. Moreover for stability motion, the value of thermal Rayleigh number Ra occurs only for negative values of Rea and it is positive. The value of critical thermal Rayleigh number Ra decreases with decreasing the value of Rea. It is observed that the role of electric field is not of much sinificance the convection in the fluid layer in case of stability motions. In case of stability, the thermal Rayleigh number is independent of Prandtl number and hence Prandtl number has no role to play.- Stability of Stratified Viscoelastic Walters' (Model B′) Fluid/Plasma in the Presence of Quantum Pressure
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 201-206Abstract
Quantum effects on the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in an inhomogeneous stratified incompressible, viscoelastic Walters' (model B') fluid/plasma are investigated. The linear growth rate is derived for the case where a plasma with exponential density, viscosity, viscoelasticity and quantum parameter distribution is confined between two rigid planes at z=0, z=d. The solution of the linearized equations of the system together with the boundary conditions leads to derive the dispersion relation (the relation between the normalized growth rate and square normalized behavior wave number) using normal mode technique to explain the roles that play the variables of the problem. The behavior of growth rates with respect to the quantum effect and kinematic viscoelasticity are examined in the presence of kinematic viscosity.- Numerical Investigations of Electro-Thermal Convection in a Maxwellian Fluid Layersatuarating a Porous Media
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-5, IN
2 ABVGIET, Pragatinagar, Shimla (H.P), IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 212-216Abstract
The numerical investigations of a viscoelastic fluid layer to include the effect of AC electric field on the onset of instability heated from below saturating a porous media for the free-free boundaries has been studied. The theology of the fluid is described by the Maxwell model. In the Stationary convection it is observed that Maxwellian fluid acts like ordinary fluid, since the viscoelasticity parameter vanishes with the vanishing of the growth rate. The eigen-value problem obtained using linear stability theory and normal mode technique is solved numerically using the software MATHEMATICA by assuming the trial functions satisfying the boundary conditions. For the case of stationary convection electric Rayleigh number and Darcy number both have destabilizing effect on the stability of the system. Also for the over stability, the stress-relaxationtime parameter has destabilising effect on the stability of the system.- Species Diversity of White Grubs (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) in the Sub-Himalayan and Northern Plains of India
Authors
1 Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304 022, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 02 (2017), Pagination: 322-329Abstract
White grubs belonging to subfamilies Melolonthinae and Rutelinae of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) are ubiquitous pests. Studies during 2013 and 2014 document the species diversity of white grubs in the sub- Himalayan and northern plains of India. Surveys conducted in four states, viz. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan revealed high species diversity representing 65 species under 16 genera. The species richness, evenness and composition varied among the states. Higher species diversity was recorded in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh of the sub-Himalayan region when compared to Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan of the northern plains. The species abundance distribution followed log normal distribution in all places except Uttarakhand, where the curve skewed to the left due to overweight of species with low abundance. The species dominance and abundance patterns in different regions are presented. The new distributional records, Anomala pictipes Arrow and Popillia macclellandi Hope from Uttarakhand, Anomala propinqua Arrow and Popillia marginicollis Hope from Himachal Pradesh and Anomala stenodera Arrow from Uttar Pradesh are provided.Keywords
Abundance Models, Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Species Diversity, White Grub.References
- Ratcliffe, B. C., A checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Panama. Zootaxa, 2002, 32, 1–48.
- Houston, W. W. K. and Weir, T. A., Melolonthinae. In Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea (ed. Houston, W. W. K.), Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra, 1992, pp. 174–358.
- Tashiro, H., Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1987, p. 391.
- Golberg, A. M., Yathom, S., Almogi, L. A. and Fridland, W. G., Diurnal and seasonal occurrence, feeding habits and mating behaviour of Maladera matrida adults in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 1989, 17, 81–89.
- Yadava, C. P. S. and Sharma, G. K., Indian white grubs and their management. Technical Bulletin No. 2, Project Coordinating Centre AICRIP of Whitegrub, ICAR, New Delhi, 1995, p. 26.
- Joshi, B. G., Ramprasad, G. and Rao, R. S. N., Occurrence of the white grub, Holotrichia serrata F., as a new pest of tobacco. Indian J. Appl. Entomol., 1969, 31(2), 284–285.
- David, H. and Ananathanarayanan, White grubs. In Sugarcane Entomology in India (eds David, H., Eswaramoorthy, S. and Jayanthi, R.), SBI, Coimbatore, 1986, pp. 198–208.
- Chandla, V. K., Misra, S. S., Bhala, O. P. and Thakar, J. R., White grub Brahmina coriacea (Hope) infesting potato in Shimla hills. Seeds Forms, 1998, 14, 12–13.
- Chelvi, T. C., Richard Thilagaraj, W. and Nalini, R., Field efficacy of formulations of microbial insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae (Hyphocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the control of sugarcane white grub Holotrichia serrata F. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), J. Biopest., 2011, 4(2), 186–189.
- Adsule, V. M. and Patil, S. M.., Biology of sugarcane white grub, Leucopholis lepidophora Bl. (Melolonthinae: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera). Indian Sugar, 1994, 44(1), 25–28.
- Mittal, I. C., Annotated list of scarab fauna (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) of western Uttar Pradesh (India). Ann. Entomol., 1999, 17(2), 25–43.
- Kailash, C., Devanshu, G., Uniyal, V. P., Manish, B. and Abesh K. S., Studies on Scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera) of Govind wildlife sanctuary, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. Biol. Forum Int. J., 2012, 4(1), 48–54.
- Brenske, E., Diagnoses Melolonthid arumnovarum ex India orientale. Indian Mus. Notes, 1899, 4, 341–361.
- Arrow, G. J., The Fauna of Britsh India including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera Lamellicornia II (Rutelinae). Taylor & Francis, London, 1917, vol. V–XIII, pp. 1–387.
- Khan, K. M., Studies on Indian Melolonthinae, thesis submitted to Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India, 1975.
- Magurran, A. E., Measuring Biological Diversity, Oxford, Black-well Science, 2004, p. 256.
- Nee, S. and May, R. M., Dynamics of metapopulations: habitat destruction and competitive coexistence. J. Anim. Ecol., 1992, 61, 37–40.
- Smith, B. and Wilson, J. B., A consumer’s guide to evenness indices. Oikos, 1996, 76, 70–82.
- Magurran, A. E., Ecological Diversity and its Measurement, London, Chapman and Hall, 1988, p. 177.
- Jaccard. P., Etude comparative de la distribution floraledansune portion des Alpeset des Jura. Bulletin del la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 1901, 37, 547–579.
- Jaccard P., The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. New Phytologist, 1912, 11(2), 37–50.
- Bray, J. R. and Curtis, J. T., An ordination of the upland forest assemblages of southern Wisconsin. Ecol. Monogr., 1957, 27, 325–349.
- Tokeshi, M., Species Coexistence: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives, Wiley Publishers, 2009, pp. 187–195.
- Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A., Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B – Biol. Sci., 1994, 345, 101–118.
- Fisher, R. A., Corbet, A. S. and Williams, C. B., The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. J. Anim. Ecol., 1943, 12(1), 42–58.
- Williams, C. B., Patterns in the Balance of Nature and Related Problems in Quantitative Ecology, Academic Press, London, 1964, p. 324.
- Misra S. S. and Chandel, R. S., Potato white grubs in India. Technical Bulletin No. 60. CPRI, Shimla, India, 2003, p. 47.
- Tokeshi, M., Species abundance patterns and community structure. Adv. Ecol. Res., 1993, 24, 111–186.
- Caswell, H., Community structure: a neutral model analysis. Ecol. Monogr., 1976, 46(3), 327–354.
- Ferreira, F. C. and Petrere Jr, M., Comments about some species abundance patterns: classic, neutral, and niche partitioning models. Braz. J. Biol., 2008, 68(4, Suppl.), 1003–1012.
- Preston, F. W., The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity of species. Ecology, 1962, 43, 410–432.
- Hubbell, S. P., The Unified Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2001.
- Nee, S., Harvey, P. H. and May, R. M., Lifting the veil on abundance patterns. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B – Biol. Sci., 1991, 243(1307), 161–163.
- Gaston, K. J., Rarity, Chapman 86 Hall, Springer Publishers, London, 1994.
- "We Are Flesh and Blood! ":WomQn Elucidating their' Self
Authors
1 Department of English and Communication Skills, Govt. Polytechnic College, Kullu, HP, IN
Source
International Journal of Literary Studies, Vol 6, No 3-4 (2016), Pagination: 100-104Abstract
Gender discrimination and women's exploitation have been serious issues in Australian society that is largely patriarchal. Men in this country see their manhood as the chief source of pride and identity and women are dismissed to marginal positions. Like other prolific playwrights, Louis Nowra, an Irish-Australian playwright in his plays exposes how gender is culturally constituted in favour of men and how women suffer due to cultural manipulation of gender roles. The image of the female protagonists in his plays subverts the stereotypes of the woman as a helpless, clinging creature who needs to be protected by a powerful man. They are rather portrayed as headstrong and outgoing fighters and survivors giving message to women of the world.- Isolation and Structural Elucidation of an Isothiocyanate Compound from Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Extract
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Niwai 304 022, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 05 (2017), Pagination: 941-946Abstract
Indigofera tinctoria is a well-known medicinal plant that possesses several therapeutic activities. Isothiocyanate derivative from hydroethanolic extract of Indigoferatinctoria (HEIT) was isolated by means of chromatographic techniques, i.e. adsorption chromatography,thin layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Structural characterization of isolated compound was done using various spectroscopic techniques (liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometry,1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy) and the possible structure was identified as 1-[1,2-Diisothiocyanato-2-(3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propylsulphanyl)-ethoxy]-3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propane (C16H22N4OS5;m/z 446.70; ITC-1). Maximum yield of ITC-1 was obtained as 22 mg/5 g HEIT with 97% purity.Keywords
Column Chromatography, HPLC, Indigofera tinctoria, Isothiocynate Compounds, LC–MS.References
- Block, E., Reactions of Organosulfur Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1978.
- Subrahmanyam, N. S., Modern Plant Taxonomy, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2009.
- Kris-Etherton, P. M. et al., Bioactive compounds in foods: their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am. J. Med., 2002, 113(9B), 71S–88S.
- Nadkarni, K. M., Nadkarni, A. K. and Chopra, R. N., In Indian Materia Medica, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India, 1991.
- Singh, A., Medicinal Plants of the World, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi, 2006.
- Savithramma, N., Sulochana, Ch. and Rao, K. N., Ethnobotanical survey of plants used to treat asthma in Andhra Pradesh, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 113(1), 4–61.
- Motamarri, S. N., Karthikeyan, M., Rajasekar, S. and Gopal, V., Indigofera tinctoria Linn – a phytopharmacological review. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2012, 3(1), 164–169.
- Khandelwal, K. P., Practical Pharmacology: Techniques and Experiments, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, India, 2006.
- Causes of retention time drift in HPLC; http://www.crawford-scientific.com/Chromatography-Technical-Tips-Retention-Time-Drift-in-HPLC.html (accessed on 17 January 2017).
- Perkin, A. G. and Bloxam, W. P., XXX – Some constituents of natural indigo. Part I. J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1907, 91, 279–288.
- Kamal, R. and Mangla, M., In vivo and in vitro investigations on rotenoids from Indigofera tinctoria and their bioefficacy against the larvae of Anopheles stephensi and adults of Callosobruchus chinensis. J. Biosci., 1993, 18(1), 93–101.
- Kamal, R. and Mangla, M., In vivo and in vitro production of histamine from Indigofera tinctoria. Indian Drugs, 1992, 29, 179.
- Singh, B. et al., Isolation, structure elucidation and in vivo hepatoprotective potential of trans‐tetracos‐15‐enoic acid from Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Phytother. Res., 2006, 20(10), 831–839.
- Yadav, R. K., Singh, D., Verma, D. M. and Maheshwari, R. K., Effects of rotenoids from Indigofera tinctoria (L) R. Br. On Callosobruchus chinensis and Trogoderma granarium. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 2013, 2(9), 24–29.
- Yanping, X., Szilvia, S. and Zhe, L., The antioxidant role of thiocyanate in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other inflammationrelated diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2009, 106(48), 20515–20519.
- Singh, S. V. and Singh, K., Cancer chemoprevention with dietary isothiocyanates matures for clinical translational research. Carcinogenesis, 2012, 33(10), 1833–1842.
- Moriarty, R. M., Naithani, R. and Surve, B., Organosulfur compounds in cancer chemoprevention. Mini. Rev. Med. Chem., 2007, 7(8), 827–838.
- Tsimberidou, A. M. and Keating, M. J., Treatment of fludarabinerefractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer, 2009, 115(13), 2824–2836.
- Madhunapantula, S. V. and Robertson, G. P., Therapeutic implications of targeting AKT signaling in melanoma. Enzyme Res., 2011, 2011, 1–20.
- Wall, T., How broccoli fights cancer? Discovery News, 2011; http://news.discovery.com/human/health/how-broccoli-fights-cancer110310.html
- Wang, X. et al., Selective depletion of mutant p53 by cancer chemo-preventive isothiocyanates and their structure-activity relationships. J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54(3), 809–816.
- Wattenberg, L. W., Inhibition of carcinogenic effects of polycyclic hydrocarbons by benzyl isothiocyanate and related compounds. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 1977, 58(2), 395–398.
- Sugie, S., Okumura, A., Tanaka, T. and Mori, H., Inhibitory effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and benzyl thiocyanate on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Jpn. J. Cancer. Res., 1993, 84, 865-870.
- Cinciripini, P. M., Hecht, S. S., Henningfield, J. E., Manley, M. W. and Kramer, B. S., Tobacco addiction: implications for treatment and cancer prevention. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 1997, 89(24), 1852–1867.
- Chung, F. L., Conaway, C. C., Rao, C. V. and Reddy, B. S., Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci in Fischer rats by sulforaphane and phenyl isothiocyanate. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21(12), 2287–2291.
- Hecht, S. S., Kenny, P. M., Wang, M., Trushin, N. and Upadhyaya, P., Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate, individually and in combination, on lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cancer Lett., 2000, 50(1), 49–56.
- London, S. J., Yuan, J. M., Chung, F. L., Gao, Y. T., Coetzee, G. A., Ross, R. K. and Yu, M. C., Isothiocyanates, glutathione Stransferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Lancet, 2000, 356(9231), 724–729.
- Kuroiwa, Y., Nishikawa, A., Kitamura, Y., Kanki, K., Ishii, Y., Umemura, T. and Hirose, M., Protective effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane but not resveratrol against initiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters. Cancer Lett., 2006, 241(2), 275–280.
- Fahey, J. W., Zalcmann, A. T. and Talalay, P., The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry, 2001, 56(1), 5–51.
- Ameliorative Effects of Operculina turpethum and its Isolated Stigma‑5,22dien‑3-o-b-D-glucopyranoside on the Hematological Parameters of Male Mice Exposed to N‑Nitrosodimethylamine, a Potent Carcinogen
Authors
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 21, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 29-36Abstract
Objectives: Enormous propensity of plants to synthesize a variety of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, has made the plant kingdom a potential source of chemical constituents with various therapeutic values, including antitumor and cytotoxic activities. Blood is a good indicator to determine the physiological and pathological status of man and animal. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of Operculina turpethum ischolar_main extract and its isolated glycoside treatment on the hematological parameters in the mice with N‑Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced cancer. Materials and Methods: The body weights of the animals were recorded before and after the experiment. Non‑coagulated blood was tested for total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, differential leukocyte count (DLC) and for other blood indices. Results: A significant (P < 0.01), (P < 0.001) recovery of the red blood cell and white blood cell counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content in the host after 21 day treatment was shown. Conclusion: These results show that the extract of Operculina turpethum is relatively safe following oral administration and have possible stimulatory effect on red blood cell production and there was dose dependent therapeutic effect.Keywords
Blood, haematology, N‑Nitrosodimethylamine, Operculina turpethum- Protective Assessment of Euphorbia neriifolia and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N‑nitrosodiethylamine‑induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Male Mice: A Histopathological Analysis
Authors
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 21, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 37-43Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of N‑nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), a potent environment carcinogen on liver tissue of mice which was attenuated by isolated flavonoid and hydro‑ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in albino mice by a single oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%) and E. neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were estimated to examine the possible anti‑cancer potential. Results: DENA exposed animals showed alterations in normal hepatic histo‑architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N), dilated sinusoids and vacuolization of the cells. Mice treated with E. neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the liver cells were normal, with very little necrosis (Day 31). On the other hand, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by the DENA. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggests that the ENH and ENF protects the hepatic tissue against DENA‑induced hepatic carcinoma. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH> ENF> ENL> BHAH> BHAL.Keywords
Euphorbia neriifolia, flavonoid, liver, necrosis, N‑nitrosodiethylamine- Chemopreventive Role of Euphorbia neriifolia (Linn) and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced Renal Histopathological Damage in Male Mice
Authors
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 20, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 101-107Abstract
Aims: This study is an attempt to evaluate the tissue protective efficacy of isolated flavonoid and hydro‑ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves against N‑nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) induced renal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in Albino mice by oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%), and Euphorbia neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were evaluated for their possible tissue carcinogenesis protective potential. Results: DENA treated animals showed alterations in normal renal histo‑architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N) and vacuolization of the cells. On the other hand, the mice treated with Euphorbia neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the renal cells were normal (Day 31). Whereas, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by DENA. Conclusions: The findings of the present study Suggested that ENH and ENF showed highest renal-protective activity among all the pretreatments. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH > ENF > ENL > BHAH > BHAL.Keywords
Euphorbia neriifolia, flavonoid, kidney, necrosis, N‑nitrosodiethylamine- Ameliorative Effects of Tinospora Cordifolia Root Extract on Histopathological and Biochemical Changes Induced by Aflatoxin-B1 in Mice Kidney
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 18, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 94-98Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the ability of the Tinospora cordifolia to scavenge free radicals generated during aflatoxicosis. A total no. of 48 male Swiss albino mice (30 ± 5 g) were exposed to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (2 μg/30 g b.wt, orally) either individually or in combination with T. cordifolia (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, orally) once daily for 25 days. AFB1 exposure led to significant rise in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and fall in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid, and protein content. T. cordifolia was found to show protective effect by lowering down the content of TBARS and enhancing the GSH, ascorbic acid, protein, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GST, and GR in kidney. Histopathological analysis of kidney samples also confirmed the protective values and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of herb. T. cordifolia showed protection against aflatoxin-induced nephrotoxicity due to the presence of alkaloids such as a choline, tinosporin, isocolumbin, palmatine, tetrahydropalmatine, and magnoflorine.Keywords
Aflatoxin, antioxidant, mice, oxidative stress, Tinospora cordifolia- Anti-hepatotoxic Potential of Indigofera tinctoria and its isolated Isothiocyanate compound ‘ITC-1’ against NPYR-CCl4 Intoxicated Mice
Authors
1 Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Alpine Group of Management and Technology, Dehradun – 248001, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali – 304022, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 26, No 1&2 (2019), Pagination: 30-36Abstract
Isothiocyanate derivative from hydroethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria (HEIT) was previously isolated, purified and characterized as 1-[1,2-Diisothiocyanato-2-(3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propylsulfanyl)-ethoxy]-3-isothiocyanato-2,2-dimethyl-propane (C16H22N4OS5; m/z 446.70; ITC-1). To elucidate hepatoprotective efficacy, liver toxicity was induced in mice via intoxication of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) followed by CCl4 for 50 days. Both low and high doses of crude HEIT were given orally to NPYR treated mice for 21 days. Silymarin was also administered to compare the results. After completion of post treatment, various hepatic toxicity markers were evaluated. Results showed that both doses of HEIT and ITC-1 have successfully normalized the levels of AST, ALT (P<0.001 v/s NPYR treated group), ALP and bilirubin (P<0.01). ITC-1 has showed better remedial response against liver toxicity in comparison to Silymarin. Thus, we concluded that both I. tinctoria and ‘ITC-1’ have future remedial aspect in diminution of hepatic toxicity.Keywords
AST, Bilirubin, Hepatic Toxicity, Indigofera tinctoria, Isothiocyanate Compounds, Silymarin.References
- Abdallah H, Mohamed M, Abdou A, Hamed M, AbdelNaim A, Ashour O. Protective effect of Centaurea pallescens Del. against CCl4-induced injury on a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). Med Chem Res. 2013; 22:5700–6. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0563-y
- Srivastava A, Shivanandappa T. Hepatoprotective effect of the ischolar_main extract of Decalepishamiltonii against carbon tetrachlorideinduced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem. 2010; 118:411–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.014
- Kerry JP, Kerry JF. Processed meats: Improving safety, nutrition and quality. Sinko P, editor. Heat and processing generated contaminants in processed meats. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857092946
- Hecht SS, Upadhyaya P, Wang M. Evolution of research on the DNA Adduct Chemistry of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine and Related Aldehydes. Chem ResToxicol. 2011; 24:781–90. PMid: 21480629 PMCid: PMC3118975. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx200064a
- Nadkarni KM.I ndian Materia medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan; 1996.
- Savithramma N, Sulochana Ch, Rao KN. Ethnobotanical survey of plants used to treat asthma in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 113:4–61. PMid: 17606346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.004
- Motamarri SN, Arthikeyan M, Rajsekar S, Gopal V. Indigofera tinctoria Linn - A phytopharmacological review. Int J Res Pharm BiomedSci. 2012; 3:164–9.
- Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker HD, Bonanome A, Coval SM, Binkoski AE, Hilpert KF, et al. Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am J Med. 2002; 113:71S–88S. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00995-0
- Khandelwal KP. Practical Pharmacology: Techniques and experiments. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2006.
- Sharma V, Singh R. Isolation and structural elucidation of an isothiocyanate compound from Indigoferatinctoria Linn. extract. Curr Sci. 2017; 113:941–6. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v113/i05/941-946
- Singh BN, Singh BR, Sharma BK, Singh HB. Potential chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica bark. Chem Biol Interact. 2009; 181:20–8. PMid: 19446540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.05.007
- Priyadarsini G, Kumar A, Anbu J, Anjana A, Ayyaswamy A. Nephroprotective activity of decoction of Indigofera tinctoria (Avurikudineer) against cisplatin-induced nephropathy in rats. Int J Life Sci Pharm Res. 2012; 2:56–62.
- Tian CC, Zha XQ, Luo JP. A polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanensehepatic inflammatory response caused by carbon tetra chloride. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2015; 29:132–8. PMid: 26019626 PMCid: PMC4434038. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.987514
- Reitman S, Frankel S. A method of assaying liver enzymes in human serum. Am J Clin Pathol. 1957; 28:56–8. PMid: 13458125. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56
- Sadashivam S, Manickam A. Phenolics: Biochemical Methods. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers; 2004.
- Floyd RA, Soong LM, Stuart MA, Reigh DL. Spin trapping of free radicals produced from nitrosamine carcinogens. Photochem Photobiol. 1978; 28:857–62. PMid: 216035. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07032.x
- Rao GM, Rao Ch.V, Pushpangadan P, Annie S. Hepatoprotective effects of rubiadin, a major constituent of Rubia Cordifolia Linn. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103:484–90. PMid: 16213120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.073
- Rej R. Measurement of aminotransferases: Part 1. Aspartate aminotransferases. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1984; 21:99–106. PMid: 6391817. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408368409167137
- Dufour DR, Lott JA, Nolte FS, Gretch DR, Koff RS, Seeff LB. Diagnosis and monitoring of Hepatic injury: Recommendations for use of Laboratory tests in screening, diagnosis and monitoring. Clin Chem. 2000; 46:2050–68.
- Pol S, Nalpas B, Vassault A, Bousquet-Lemercier B, Franco D, Lacour B, et al. Hepatic activity and mRNA expression of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1991; 14:620–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840140408
- Jahan R, Vani G, Shyamaladevi CS. Anticarcinogenic effect of Solanum trilobatum in Diethylnitrosamine induced and Phenobarbital promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian J Biochem. 2011; 6:74–81. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2011.74.81
- Sahu CR. Mechanisms involved in toxicity of liver caused by Piroxicam in mice and protective effects of leaf extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Clin Med Insights Artheritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2016; 9:9–13. PMid: 26819562 PMCid: PMC4720181. https://doi.org/10.4137/CMAMD.S29463
- Singh R, Kumar S, Rana AC, Sharma N. Different models of Hepatotoxicity and related liver disease: A review. Int Res J Pharma. 2012; 3:86–95.
- MLAB2401- Clinical Chemistry Lab Manual CF113. UNIT: Total and Direct Bilirubin. www.2ndchance.info/dxme-BilirubinUrine-defDirect.pdf
- Singh R, Sharma S, Sharma V. Comparative and quantitative analysis of antioxidant and scavenging potential of Indigofera tinctoria Linn. extracts. J Integr Med. 2015; 13:269–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60183-2
- Immunomodulating Effects of Allium sativum in Renal Tissue of LPS Challenged Mice
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali Road - 304022, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 26, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 80–88Abstract
Allium sativum contain various medicinal properties like immunomodulatory, antitumorigenetic, antiatherosclerotic and antimicrobial. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of hydroethanol extract of Allium sativum on cytokine production in LPS challenged mice. LPS significantly induced the activation of NF-kB and also increased the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-Y, PGE2 with the suppression of IL-10 production. In the results we found that Allium sativum significantly attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-ĸB and normalized the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-Y, PGE-2 and IL-10. In summary, it was deduced that garlic may promote an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of NF-kB activity in the tissue.Keywords
Allium sativum, Anti-inflammatory, Cytokines, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NF-kB.References
- Kabanov DS, Vwedenskaya OY, Fokina MA, Morozova EM, Grachev SV, Prokhorenko IR. Impact of CD14 on reactive oxygen species production from human leukocytes primed by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019. PMid: 30944694 PMCid: PMC6421816. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6043245
- Gholamnezhad Z, Hassanabad ZF. Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock on rat isolated kidney, possible role of nitric oxide and protein kinase C pathways. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2018 Oct; 21(10):1073.
- Minasyan H. Sepsis: Mechanisms of bacterial injury to the patient. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2019 Dec; 27(1):19. PMid: 30764843 PMCid: PMC6376788. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049019-0596-4
- Imo C, Za’aku JS. Medicinal properties of ginger and garlic: A review. Current Trends of Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences. 2019; 18:2.
- Puccinelli M, Stan S. Dietary bioactive diallyl trisulfide in cancer prevention and treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017 Aug; 18(8):1645. PMid: 28788092 PMCid: PMC5578035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081645
- Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Analytical Biochemistry. 1982 Oct; 126(1):131–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
- Mc Manus FA, Mowry RW. Staining methods: In histology and histochemistry. (P.B. Hoeber Ed). New York: Harper and Brothers; 1965.
- Patel NS, Chatterjee PK, Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Britti D, De Sarro A, Cuzzocrea S, Thiemermann C. Endogenous interleukin-6 enhances the renal injury, dysfunction and inflammation caused by ischemia/reperfusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005; 312:1170–8. PMid: 15572648. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.078659
- Shin JH, Ryu JH, Kang MJ, Hwang CR, Han J, Kang D. Shortterm heating reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of fresh raw garlic extracts on the LPS-induced production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines by downregulating allicin activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2013 Aug; 58:545–51. PMid: 23583806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.002
- Xiao ZY, Zheng QY, Jiang YY, Zhou B, Yin M, Wang HB, Zhang JP. Effects of esculentoside A on production of interleukin-1, 2 and prostaglandin E~ 2. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2004 Jun; 25(6):817-21.
- Marquez Martin A, De La Puerta Vazquez R, FernandezArche A, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Supressive effect of maslinic acid from pomace olive oil on oxidative stress and cytokine production in stimulated murine macrophages. Free Radical Research. 2006 Jan; 40(3):295–302. PMid: 16484046. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500467935
- Heba G, Krzemiński T, Porc M, Grzyb J, Ratajska A, Dembinska-Kiec A. The time course of tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in an experimental model of chronic myocardial infarction in rats. Journal of Vascular Research. 2001; 38(3):288–300. PMid: 11399901. https://doi.org/10.1159/000051057
- Salvemini D, Ischiropoulos H, Cuzzocrea S. Roles of nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation. InInflammation Protocols. 2003. p. 291–303). Humana Press. PMid: 12769497. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-374-7:291
- Funk CD, Funk LB, Kennedy ME, Pong AS, Fitzgerald GA. Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression and gene chromosomal assignment. The FASEB Journal. 1991 Jun; 5(9):2304–12. PMid: 1907252. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.9.1907252
- Subbaramaiah K, Dannenberg AJ. Cyclooxygenase 2: A molecular target for cancer prevention and treatment. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2003 Feb; 24(2):96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(02)00043-3
- Gradolatto A, Canivenc-Lavier MC, Basly JP, Siess MH, Teyssier C. Metabolism of apigenin by rat liver phase I and phase II enzymes and by isolated perfused rat liver. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 2004 Jan; 32(1):58–65. PMid: 14709621. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.32.1.58
- Freeman F, Kodera Y. Garlic chemistry: Stability of S-(2propenyl)-2-propene-1-sulfinothioate (allicin) in blood, solvents and simulated physiological fluids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1995 Sep; 43(9):2332–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00057a004
- Jeong HJ, Koo HN, Na HJ, Kim MS, Hong SH, Eom JW, Kim KS, Shin TY, Kim HM. Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 production by aucubin through blockade of NF-κB activation in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Cytokine. 2002 Jun; 18(5):252–9. PMid: 12161100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cyto.2002.0894
- Kim SW, Choi SC, Choi EY, Kim KS, Oh JM, Lee HJ, Oh HM, Kim S, Oh BS, Kimm KC, Lee MH. Catalposide, a compound isolated from Catalpa ovata, attenuates induction of intestinal epithelial proinflammatory gene expression and reduces the severity of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2004 Sep; 10(5):564–72. PMid: 15472516. https://doi.org/10.1097/00054725200409000-00010
- Faggioni R, Fantuzzi G, Fuller J, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. IL-1β mediates leptin induction during inflammation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1998; 274:R204–8. PMid: 9458919. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.R204
- Sharma A, Sharma V, Kansal L. Amelioration of leadinduced hepatotoxicity by Allium sativum extracts in Swiss albino mice. Libyan Journal of Medicine. 2010 Jan; 5(1):4621. PMid: 28156294. https://doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v5i0.4621
- Isolation, Characterization and Elucidation of Invigorative Potential of Flavonoid from Stem-bark of Prosopis Cineraria on Lps-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cascade in Swiss Albino Male Mice
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali – 304022, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 27, No 3&4 (2020), Pagination: 136-148Abstract
The present research aimed to elucidate the structure and characterize the isolated compound from stem-bark of Prosopis cineraria and unravel its potential against LPS-induced toxicity in mouse model. The spectral techniques were done for characterization and structure elucidation of the isolated compound (HPLC, NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS. The experimental mice were intoxicated (intra-peritoneal) with LPS (2 mg/kg body weight) and further treated with isolated compound from Prosopis cineraria (15 mg/kg body weight). Dexamethasone was used as a standard (10 mg/kg body weight). The oxidative stress parameters (LPO, CAT, SOD, GSH, GST and GPx) and biochemical activities (AST, ALT, ACP and ALP) were studied. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α; Prostaglandins E2; IL-6; NF-κBp65; IFN-γ and IL-10) were determined in liver homogenate. Nitric Oxide (NO) produced due to LPS-intoxication was determined by using Griess reagent. The results of the spectral analysis were used to elucidate the structure of the isolated flavonoid. The isolated flavonoid suppressed the over-expression and altered levels of oxidative parameters and cytokines due to LPS intoxication and restored the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, NO, IL-6, IFN- , Prostaglandin E2 and IL-10. The research investigation unfolded the alleviating potential of the isolated compound against LPS-induced adverse effects by modulating the expression of cytokines and combating oxidative stress.Keywords
Anti-inflammatory, Cytokines, Flavonoids, Oxidative Stress, Prosopis cineraria, ROSReferences
- Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016; 315(8):801–10. PMid:26903338PMCid:PMC4968574. https://doi. org/10. 1001/jama.2016.0287
- Callery MP, Kamei T, Flye MW. Kupffer cell blockade increases mortality during intra-abdominal sepsis despite improving systemic immunity. Arch Surg. 1990;125(1):36–41.PMid:2294881. https://doi. org/10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410130038005
- Nostro A, Germano MP, D’angelo V, Marino A, Cannatelli MA. Extraction methods and bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant antimicrobial activity. Lett.o Appl.o Microbiol. 2000; 30:379. PMid: 10792667. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00731.x
- Nandkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. Vol. 1. Popular Prakashan: Mumbai; 2000.
- Mohammad IS, Muhammad H, Shoaib Khan NA, Rasool F. Biological potential and phytochemical evaluation of Prosopis cineraria. World Appl Sci J. 2013; 27:1489–94.
- Sumathi S, Dharani B, Sivaprabha J. Cell death induced by methanolic extract of Prosopis cineraria leaves in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Int J Pharmacol Sci Invent. 2013; 2:21–6.
- Nwanjo HU, Ojiako OA. Effect of vitamins E and C on exercise induced oxidative stress. Global J Pure Appl Sci. 2005; 12(2):199–202. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v12i2.16591
- Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974; 47(3):469–74. PMid: 4215654. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
- Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984; 105:121–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84) 05016-3
- Reitman S, Frankel AS. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. American J Clin Pathol. 1957; 28:53–6. PMid: 13458125. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ajcp/28.1.56
- Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959; 82:70–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003- 9861(59)90090-6
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 1974; 249(22):7130–9.
- Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of Glutathione Peroxidases. Science. 1973; 179(4073):588–90. PMid: 4686466. https://doi. org/10.1126/science.179.4073.588
- Lowry OH, Rosenbrough AL, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193:265–75.
- Sadashivam S, Manickam A. Biochemical methods. Vol 2. New Delhi, India: New Age International (P) Limited; 1996.
- Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite,and (15N) nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 1982;126:131–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82) 90118-X
- Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Waeg G, Striegl G, Juergens G. Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol. 1990; 3(2):77–92. PMid: 2130945. https:// doi.org/10.1021/tx00014a001
- Kangralkar VA, Patil SD, Bandivadekar RM. Oxidative stress and diabetes: A review. Intl J Pharm Appl. 2010; 1:38–45.
- Yasui K, Baba A. Therapeutic potential of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) for resolution of inflammation. Inflamm Res. 2006; 55:359–63. PMid: 17122956. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00011-006-5195-y
- Bowler RP, Nicks M, Tran K, Tanner G, Chang LY, Young SK. Extracellular superoxide dismutase attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced neutrophilic inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004; 31:432–9. PMid: 15256385. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2004-0057OC
- Joseph A, Li Y, Koo HC, Davis JM, Pollack S, Kazzaz JA. Superoxide dismutase attenuates hyperoxia-induced interleukin-8 induction via AP-1. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008; 45:1143–9. PMid: 18692129. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.006
- Porfire AS, Leucuţa SE, Kiss B, Loghin F, Pârvu AE. Investigation into the role of Cu/Zn-SOD delivery system on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in rat model of peritonitis. Pharmacol Rep. 2014; 66:670–6. PMid: 24948070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pharep.2014.03.011
- Perez-Rivero G, Ruiz-Torres MP, Diez-Marques ML, Canela A, Lopez-Novoa JM, Rodriguez-Puyol M. Telomerase deficiency promotes oxidative stress by reducing catalase activity. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008; 45:1243–51. PMid: 18718525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. freeradbiomed.2008.07.017
- Ito K, Nakazato T, Yamato K, Miyakawa Y, Yamada T, Hozumi N. Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by homovanillic acid derivative, capsaicin, through oxidative stress: Implication of phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 residue by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res. 2004; 64:1071–8. PMid: 14871840. https://doi. org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-1670
- Yu L, Wan F, Dutta S, Welsh S, Liu Z, Freundt E. Autophagic programmed cell death by selective catalase degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006; 103:4952–7. PMid: 16547133 PMCid: PMC1458776. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0511288103
- Abdalla MY. Glutathione as potential target for cancer therapy; more or less is good? (mini-review). Jordan J Biol Sci. 2011; 4(3):119–24.
- Nada SA, El-Shamarka ME-S, Omara EA, Abdel-Salam OM. Grape seed extract and Vitamin C combination blocked LPS-induced multiple organ toxicity in mice. ROS. 2019; 7(21):161–75. https://doi.org/10.20455/ ros.2019.827
- Jahan MS, Vani G, Shyamaladevi CS. Anti-carcinogenic effect of solanum trilobatum in diethylnitrosamine induced and Phenobarbital promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian J Biochem. 2011; 6(1):74–81. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2011.74.81
- Han YJ, Kwon YG, Chung HT. Antioxidant enzymes suppress Nitric Oxide production through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation: role of H2O2 and Nitric Oxide in inducible Nitric Oxide synthase expression in macrophages. Nitric Oxide. 2001; 5(5):504–13. PMid: 11587565.
- RH Shih, CY Wang, CM Yang. NF-kappaB signaling pathways in neurological inflammation: A mini review. Front. Mol Neurosci, 2015; 8:77. PMid: 26733801 PMCid:PMC4683208. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol. 2015.00077
- Choi YY, Kim MH, Hong J, Kim SH, Yang WM. Dried ginger (Zingiber officinalis) inhibits inflammation in alipopolysaccharide- inducedmousemodel.Evid-based Complementary Altern Med. 2013; 914563. PMid: 23935687 PMCid: PMC371222 https://doi. org/10.1155/2013/914563
- Park HS, Jung HY, Park EY, Kim J, Lee WJ, Bae YS. Cutting edge: Direct interaction of TLR4 with NAD(P) H oxidase 4 isozyme is essential for lipopolysaccharide- induced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-kappa B. J Immunol. 2004; 173(6):3589–93.PMid: 15356101. https://doi. org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3589
- Erridge C, Bennett-Guerrero E, Poxton IR. Structure and function of lipopolysaccharides. Microbes Infect. 2002; 4(8):837–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1286-4579(02)01604-0
- Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants Vol. 2. Dehradun India: International Book Distributors; 1984.
- Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. J Agric Food Chem. 1998; 46:41137. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9801973
- Khatri A, Rathore A, Patil UK. Assessment of anti- inflammatory activity of bark of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Int J Pharm Res. 2012; 4(2):27–9.
- Sachdeva S, Kaushik V, Saini V. A review on phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Prosopis cineraria. Int J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2014; 1(1):1–4.
- Rotelli AE, Guardia T, Juarez AO, de la Rocha NE, Pelzer LE. Comparative study of flavonoids in experimental models of inflammation. Pharmacol Res. 2003; 48:601–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-6618(03)00225-1
- Galvez J, de la Cruz JP, Zarzuelo A, Sanchez de Medina FJ, Jimenez J Sanchez, de la Cuesta F. Oral administration of quercitrin modifies intestinal oxidative status in rats. Gen Pharmacol. 1994; 25:1237– 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90143-0
- Comalada M, Camuesco D, Sierra S, Ballester I, Xaus J, Galvez J, Zarzuelo A. In vivo quercetin anti- inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Eur J Immunol. 2005; 35:584–92. PMid: 15668926. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425778
- Sawatzky D, Willoughby D, Colville-Nash P, Rossi A. The involvement of the apoptosis-modulating proteins Erk 1/2, Bcl-xL and Bax in the resolution of acute inflammation in vivo. Am J Pathol. 2006; 168:33–41. PMid: 16400007 PMCid: PMC1592663. https://doi. org/10.2353/ajpath.2006.050058
- Validating the Antimicrobial Potentiality of Peptides from Pods of Acacia nilotica Willd.ex Delile: A Spotlight on Bacterial Fauna
Authors
1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk - 304022, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 30, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 111-119Abstract
Contagious infections cause over 17 million human deaths in a year among which diseases caused by bacteria are the most prominent ones. Additionally, in the last few years, the haphazard usage of antibiotics has provoked the condition of multifarious defiance in the bacterial strains against these chemical drugs thus contributing to an upsurge towards severe economic and communal welfare-related uncertainties. Thus, to annihilate such situations there is a compelling demand to explore novel substitutes to overcome these concerns. Hence, such problematic situations bring up the limelight towards plant-derived proteins/peptides possessing antimicrobial activity which prove to be excellent alternatives against bacterial pathogens causing serious maladies in humans. Therefore, in this context the current study investigated the antibacterial potential of the Ethanol, Methanol and Chloroform peptides/protein isolate obtained from pods of Acacia nilotica by Disc-Diffusion Assay and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) against E. coli and B. subtilis bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of all three solvent peptide isolates was found to be exhibiting antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 100μg/ml against B. subtilis with Disc-Diffusion as well as MIC with Chloroform isolate displaying the highest activity against gram-positive Bacillus species. Therefore, such plant-derived antibacterial proteins/peptides in the future can be used as a therapeutic drug to combat various severe bacterial maladies thus providing a better alternative than antibiotics both in terms of safety against unwanted secondary effects as well as will also help in bringing down the graphs of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) posing a serious threat to the human health. As a result, the study concludes that peptide isolates obtained from Acacia nilotica pods are effective against gram-positive Bacillus species, making them an important antibacterial compound.Keywords
Acacia nilotica, Antimicrobial Resistance, Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides.References
- Datta S, Roy A. Antimicrobial peptides as potential therapeutic agents: A review. Int J of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2021; 27:555-577. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10989-020-10110-x
- Vouga M, Greub G. Emerging bacterial pathogens: Past and Beyond. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2015; 22:12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.010 PMid:26493844 PMCid:PMC7128729
- Vogelmann R, Amieva MR. The role of bacterial pathogens in cancer. Current Opinion in Microbiology. 2007; 10:76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.12.004 PMid:17208515
- Farsimadan M, Motamedifar M. Bacterial infection of the male reproductive system causing infertility. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2020; 142. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jri.2020.103183 PMid:32853846
- Prakash D, Saxena RS. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infection in urban community of Meerut city, India. ISRN Microbiol. 2013; 29. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2013/749629 PMid:24288649 PMCid:PMC3830820
- Raghunath D. Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria with special reference to India. J Biosci. 2008; 33:593- 603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-008-0077-9 PMid:19208984
- Sang Y, Blecha F. Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins: alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Anim Health Res Rev. 2008; 9:227-35. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1466252308001497 PMid:18983725
- Moretta A, Scieuzo C, Petrone AM, Salvia R, Manniello MD, Franco A, Lucchetti D, Vassallo A, Vogel H, Sgambato A, Falabella P. Antimicrobial peptides: A new hope in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11. https://doi. org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.668632 PMid:34195099 PMCid:PMC8238046
- Rana D. A review of ethnomedicine, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Acacia nilotica (Babool/Kikkar). Int J of Bio Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. 2018; 7:856-863. https://doi.org/10.31032/ IJBPAS/2018/7.5.4443
- Abdalla MS, Babiker IA , Al-Abrahim JS, Mohammed AE, Elobeid MM, Elkhalifa KF. Fodder potential and chemical composition of Acacia nilotica fruits for livestock in the dry lands of Sudan. Int J of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 2014; 4:366-369.
- Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966; 45:493-496. https://doi. org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493 PMid:5325707
- Pandian CJ, Palanivel R, Dhanasekaran S. Screening antimicrobial activity of nickel nanoparticles synthesized using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. J of Nanoparticles. 2016; 2016:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4694367
- Salas CE, Badillo-Corona JA, Ramírez-Sotelo G, Oliver- Salvador C. Biologically active and antimicrobial peptides from plants. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/102129 PMid:25815307 PMCid:PMC4359881
- Benko-Iseppon AM, Galdino SL, Calsa T Jr, Kido EA, Tossi A, Belarmino LC, Crovella S. Overview on plant antimicrobial peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2010; 11:181-8. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920310791112075 PMid:20088772
- de Souza Cândido E, e Silva Cardoso MH, Sousa DA, Viana JC, de Oliveira-Júnior NG, Miranda V, Franco OL. The use of versatile plant antimicrobial peptides in agribusiness and human health. Peptides. 2014; 55:65- 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.003 PMid:24548568
- Goyal RK, Mattoo AK. Multitasking antimicrobial peptides in plant development and host defense against biotic/abiotic stress. Plant Sci. 2014; 228:135-49. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.012 PMid:25438794
- Gruenheid S, Le Moual H. Resistance to antimicrobial peptides in Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2012; 330:81-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574- 6968.2012.02528.x PMid:22339775